Arnold-Hilgartner classification: haemophilic arthropathy
Arnold-Hilgartner classification is a plain radiograph grading system for haemophilic arthropathy of the knee:
• Stage 0: normal joint
• Stage I: no skeletal abnormalities, soft-tissue swelling is present
• Stage II: osteoporosis and overgrowth of the epiphysis, no cysts, no narrowing of the cartilage space
• Stage III: early subchondral bone cysts, squaring of the patella, widened notch of the distal femur or humerus, preservation of the cartilage space
• Stage IV: findings of stage III, but more advanced; narrowed cartilage space
• Stage V: fibrous joint contractures, loss of the joint cartilage space,
extensive enlargement of the epiphyses with substantial disorganization
of the joint
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